What you should know from itp electrics:

 

Instrument stuff

  1. •Source 4 ERS -
     

    1. ◦   Ref: Ellipsoidal; this is a cold mirror type.

    2. ◦   Lens: plano-convex or convex-convex.

    3. ◦   Gel Frame: 6.25"

    4. ◦   Lamp: bi-post base with heat sink, quad filament, uses the HPL series.

  2. •Source 4 PAR
     

    1. ◦   Ref: Parabolic; this is a cold mirror type.

    2. ◦   Lens: Exchangeable to 5 concave types. Extra-wide, Wide, Medium, Narrow, Very Narrow

    3. ◦   Gel Frame: 7.5"

    4. ◦   Lamp: bi-post base with heat sink, quad filament, uses the HPL series.

  3. •Source 4 PARNel
     

    1. ◦   Ref: Parabolic; this is a cold mirror type.

    2. ◦   Lens: Adjustable to imitate the effect of a fresnel lens

    3. ◦   Gel Frame: 7.5"

    4. ◦   Lamp: bi-post base with heat sink, quad filament, uses the HPL series.

  4. •Altman 360Q -
     

    1. ◦   Ref: Ellipsoidal; this is the aluminized, flatted mirror type.

    2. ◦   Lens: plano-convex or double plano-convex.

    3. ◦   Gel Frame: 7.5"  

    4. ◦   Lamp: bi-post base, single coil filament, uses EHG, EHD.

  5. •Strand 6” Fresnelite    -
     

    1. ◦   Ref: Spherical, steel.

    2. ◦   Lens: step lens or fresnel lens.

    3. ◦   Gel Frame: 7.5"  

    4. ◦   Lamp: pre-focus base, planer filament.  BTL, BTN, BTR

  6. •Altman PAR64 -
     

    1. ◦   Ref: Parabolic Aluminized Reflector (built into lamp).

    2. ◦   Lens: bubble-like.  Exchangeable to WFL, MFL, NSP, VNSP.  built into lamp.

    3. ◦   Gel Frame: 10"  

    4. ◦   Lamp: bi-post base (blades), C-6 filament, uses 500w and 1000w varieties.

  7. •A cold mirror reduces the heat inside an instrument by allowing all infra-red light pass through the reflector.  This increases efficiency and lamp life.

 

  1. •The two most important rules about using a lift or any equipment is:

  2. A.If you feel unsafe, you probably are.

  3. B.If someone else feels you are unsafe, a constructive, solution-orientated discussion should follow on how to proceed. A supervisor or faculty member may be needed to make the final decision.

  4. •Clove hitch, Bowline, Bow square knot.

  5. •Know how to hang a unit: leko, PAR and fresnel.



   Flow chart for control of a lighting instrument:

    1. ◦Designer

    2. ◦Operator

    3. ◦Lighting console

      1. ■Softpatch (in console)

    4. ◦DMX control to dimmers

    5. ◦Dimmers output 120v power into

    6. ◦Hardpatch bay (if applicable) This patches dimmers to...

    7. ◦Circuits which power the

    8. ◦Instruments

    9. ◦If there is no hardpatch, this is often referred to as Dimmer-per-circuit.

  2.  


  1. 1.Free Electrons - electrons located on the outer-most valence of an atom that are easily forced from their atomic orbit.

  2. 2.Use W=VA (power formula) and know what it means.

  3. 3.W=Watts, V=Volts, A=Amps.

  4. 4.120v X 20a = 2400W

  5. 5.Amperage capacity is related directly to how large the wire is: 12 gauge wire can handle more amperage than 14 gauge wire.

  6. 6.How do you identify that the connector and cable you are connecting to a device (such as a lighting instrument) is the correct type/size/configuration?  Cable is required by the NEC to be labeled with the voltage rating (like "600v"), size (like "12/3") and type (like "SO") of cable; connectors must be labeled with their voltage and amperage ratings.

  7. 7.White wire = neutral; black wire = hot; green wire = ground

  8. 8.Parts of a cable:  Insulation, jacket, conductors.

  9. 9.Parts of a connector.

Pins, terminals, strain-relief and which color wire goes where.


 

Ellipsoidal or E.R.S. (Ellipsoidal Reflector Spot) units are measured by beam angle (ex: 50o) or two numbers such as 6X12 indicating the diameter of the lens X the focal length.

Beam angle equivalents

  1. •4.5x6.5 = 50 deg.

  2. •6x9 = 36 deg.

  3. •6x12 = 26 deg.

  4. •6x16 = 19 deg.


Beam angle math (extra credit)

Tan(X)=Opp/Adj     This will give the answer in degrees.

If you know the Lens diameter and focal length, ex: 6 X 12:

  1. a.The radius of the lens is the diameter/2 = 3"

  2. b.Tan(1/2 of beam angle) = 3"/12"

  3. c.1/2 of beam angle = Inv Tan (3/12)

  4. d.1/2 of beam angle = 14.036

  5. e.Beam angle = 28.072 degrees


  1. 1.The cable most commonly used in theater is 12/3 SO.

  2. 2.The three most common connectors UNCSA tend to be the soco (multi-circuit connector), stage-pin and Edison connector - not in that order.

  3. 3.The most commonly used console at UNCSA is the ETC Ion.

  4. 4.Know the shapes of all lenses and reflectors of instruments used in the UNCSA electrics shop.  For reference, look at the listing in the instrument section.

  5. 5.A flatted reflector uses a series of flat panels to create a curved surface rather than round out the reflector.  This is less efficient, but cheaper.

  6. 6.IATSE is a union for stagehands.

  7. 7.N.E.C. stands for National Electrical Code. It is published by the NFPA or the National Fire Protection Association. It is the guideline for most electrical wiring in the USA.  Article 520 is for theaters.

  8. 8.Gel is a filter for lighting instruments.  It absorbs certain colors of light allowing others to pass through.

  9. 9.DMX is a control protocol that uses only 3 wires, but as a multiplexed signal it is able to control 512 channels of information.

  10. 10.The primaries of light are red, blue and green.  The secondaries are amber (yellow), magenta and cyan.  Using three separate light sources with one of each of the primaries you can create white reflection on a white wall.  This occurs because all the light wavelengths of visual light are present and in equal quantities.

 DEP 100x.03 Final

  1. 1.Hanging Positions

    1. a.Boom - usually made of 1.5" sch 40 pipe.  Instruments are hung on side-arms and attached to the boom.  Booms are usually lag-bolted to the stage floor or use heavy bases to keep them from tipping.  It is also a good idea to tie the top of the boom pipe to the grid as a safety.

    2. b.Electric - usually made of 1.5" sch. 40 pipe and flown like a batten.  Instruments are hung using the C-clamp.

    3. c.Lighting trough - a hole in the deck used for lighting instruments.

    4. d.Ladder - a hanging position usually on-stage used for sidelight.  Ladders use 1.5" sch. 40 pipe or uni-strut or even through-bolting to attatch instruments.

    5. e.Cove/Beam/Ceiling cut - an opening in the ceiling of the house used as a lighting position.  Typically this position will have 1.5" sch. 40 pipe to hang instruments on with the C-clamp.

    6. f.Box-boom - FOH position on SL and SR sides of the house.  Typically these positions use 1.5" sch. 40 pipe, however, at times there is nothing more than a vertical pipe.  In such a case side-arms a are used to hang the instruments.

    7. g.Balcony Rail - FOH position on the front of a mezzanine or balcony.  Typically this is nothing more than a single 1.5" sch. 40 pipe run along the front.

  2. Positions in the lighting department at UNCSA and professional theater:

 

UNCSA

Professional

  1. •Lighting Designer - designs lighting for production and is ultimately responsible for budget, design, leading the lighting team and recordkeeping.

  2. •Lighting Designer - leads a team of people in designing a production (sometimes the only one).

  3. •Associate Lighting Designer - Assists with the actual design process and gives artistic input to the Designer.

  4. •Assistant Lighting Designer - keeps lighting paperwork up-to-date and assists designer with research.

  5. •Assistant Lighting Designer - recordkeeping and research, often assigned a specific part of the design to assist if more than one.

  6. •Production Electrician - responsible for shop pull, load-in and load-out.

  7. •Production Electrician - responsible for all things in the electrics department for all incarnations of the show.

  8. •Master Electrician - programs and runs the lighting console.  Also assists P.E.

  9. •Head Electrician - responsible for the electrics department after opening of a show.  Maintains the lighting design (yes the SM is responsible for the artistic view of the show overall, but it is the H.E. butt on the line).

  10. •Assistant Master Electrician - assists M.E. and supervises run crew of a show.

  11. •House Electrician - responsible for the electrics in the theater proper.  Sometimes fills the roll of P.E. in a regional theater environment.

  12. •Assistant Electrician - Works for H.E. usually has a specialty such as moving light tech or pyro.

  13. •Light Board Programmer - programs a lighting console.

  14. •Shop Foreman - responsible for keeping shop in order and providing reasonable support for P.E.s.

  15. •Shop Account Manager - responsible to customer for support from shop.

  16. •Assistant Shop Foreman - responsible for keeping inventories and assisting the Foreman.

  17. •Shop Hand - works in shop for Shop Forman prepping, maintaining and testing equipment.